
My thanks to Bobby at Hendrickson for sending this volume along for review. In a word, Perry out von Rad’s von Rad in seeing the influence of the Wisdom tradition as nearly all pervasive. But why the odd title?
‘At twilight things become blurred, open to multiple interpretations, and there are not one but two twilights to each day, the one going from day to night and the other, the reverse. Taken together, they express the dynamism, the changing fortunes of human existence, perpetually shifting from happiness to misery, ignorance to clarity. Far from being moments of rapid passage, the twilights become the very image of human existence. For the text does not focus on stable entities like night and day, but rather on their perpetual flux and connectedness: “And it was evening and it was dawn,” two twilights, one single day’ (p. xi-xii).
Things don’t simply become blurred in half light though- they also become a bit blurred in Perry’s argument, for he is so keen to see the influence of the Wisdom school on the biblical text that he sees it in places it simply does not exist. He sees it in the tale of Tamar (pp. 9ff), Joseph (pp. 21ff)(though rightly in this instance), Pharaoh (pp. 39ff), Samson (pp. 53ff), Saul (pp. 77ff), Solomon (pp. 92ff)(and quite wrongly as Solomon is, if anything, a counter-example of wisdom- he is excessively unwise in almost all of his decisions), Psalm 1 (pp.. 109ff)(rightly), Qoheleth (pp. 125ff), and Proverbs (pp. 157ff). Shockingly absent is a thorough treatment of Job who really is wisdom personified in his personal and theological struggles.
While Perry makes a good case for his perception of pervasive Wisdom, he does not convince. And though he says some really remarkable and profound things, he doesn’t prove them. For instance, he writes ‘This study examines how this transfer from divine to human creativity was recorded from the very beginning of the Hebrew Bible and remained a focus throughout’ (p. xvii). But that can hardly be the case. In fact, if anything quite the opposite is the truth. For the biblical narrative has nothing to do with human creativity (in a positive sense) but human wickedness overcome by divine creativity. While Perry out von Rad’s von Rad in seeing wisdom everywhere, he should have paid more attention to von Rad’s exposition of Genesis, with its incursion, spread, and ultimate defeat of sin in the call of Abraham and the promise of redemption.
Nonetheless, Perry does make some very intriguing observations. For instance, in his treatment of Solomon, he notes ‘It might be said, paradoxically, that Solomon and Judah were wise precisely in letting their own rightness be subject to the wisdom incarnated in Tamar and the ‘real’ mother (p. 108). What he doesn’t recognize, evidently, is that if Solomon’s wisdom is derivative, then it isn’t really wisdom at all but acquiescence.
Perry’s training is in romance philology and comparative literature. Hence, while he is sensitive to the intricacies of the text as literature, he has a blind spot in terms of the text as theology. This is, I think, the reason that he sees Wisdom everywhere; i.e., because it fits his literary theory. Theological sensitivity is paramount to the interpretation and understanding of theological texts. Absent it, authors too often find themselves simply gazing into the well and seeing their own reflection, shaded, in this instance, by the twilight / half light of preconception.
Still, I commend this volume to your attention. It is a great read and quite moving at points. The fact that the underlying theory is wrong doesn’t make it bad. For some, it might even make it better.