Professor Knohl writes (via email)
Dear Jim,
I would like to inform you that I have just published a Hebrew article on the “Gabriel Revelation” in the Hebrew Periodical “Tarbiz”. In the appendix to the article I give my reading of the text. The article is posted now at the Shalom Hartman Institute website together with my English translation of the “Gabriel Revelation”.With best wishes,
Israel Knohl
Folk might want to take a look at the essay he mentions at the Hartman Institute website here and be sure not to miss his translation. Or, just go directly to the Tarbiz essay (in Hebrew, along with his transcription of the text in Hebrew) here in pdf.


Dear Dr. West!
Independantly of you I wondered that sar ha-sarim cannot be the name of a mortal messiah. Indeed, Prof. Knohl in his JR article has nearly nothing to say about Michael.
Perhaps, we should include in our consideration “the third day” of Hosea 6:2. In the immediate (6:4) and wider context (chapters 5-6) Ephraim is mentioned. Another passage we should perhaps also consider is Isaiah 7:10 “the sign” (oth) against Aram and Ephraim.
I cannot see from the Gabriel text that Ephraim here has a messianic meaning.
Prof. Rainer Riesner, University of Dortmund
By: Prof. Rainer Riesner on July 17, 2008
at 9:02 am